In Taiwan, which has a tropical climate, snow was reported in Hsinchu and Miaoli, and frost was reported in Changhua. Summer snowfall or otherwise mixed precipitation was reported in various locations in Jiangxi and Anhui, located at around 30°N. Fort Shuangcheng, now in Heilongjiang, reported fields disrupted by frost and conscripts deserting as a result. The monsoon season was disrupted, resulting in overwhelming floods in the Yangtze Valley.

The physical mechanism that explains how changes in activity on the sun affect Earth’s climate, if there is one, is unknown, and such episodes do not prove that lower sunspot numbers produce cooling. May 1816 in particular had the lowest sunspot number (0.1) to date since recordkeeping on solar activity began. This period also occurred during the Dalton Minimum (a period of relatively low solar activity), specifically Solar Cycle 6, which ran from December 1810 to May 1823. The Little Ice Age's existing cooling was exacerbated by the eruption of Tambora, which occurred near the end of the Little Ice Age. Known today as the Little Ice Age, it had already caused considerable agricultural distress in Europe. The Earth had already been in a centuries-long period of global cooling that started in the 14th century. Smaller temperature drops were recorded from the 1812–1814 eruptions. Īccording to a 2012 analysis by Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature, the 1815 Tambora eruption caused a temporary drop in the Earth's average land temperature of about 1 ☌. As is common after a massive volcanic eruption, temperatures fell worldwide because less sunlight passed through the stratosphere. These eruptions had built up a substantial amount of atmospheric dust. 1813, Suwanosejima in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan.1812, Awu in the Sangihe Islands, Dutch East Indies.1812, La Soufrière on Saint Vincent in the Caribbean.1808, the 1808 mystery eruption (VEI 6) in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.Other large volcanic eruptions (with VEIs of at least 4) around this time were: It was the world's largest volcanic eruption during historic times, comparable with the Minoan eruption in the 2nd millennium BC, the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupō at around 180 AD, the eruption of Paektu Mountain in 946 AD, and the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas. The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, a colossal event that ejected at least 100 km 3 (24 cu mi) of material. The aberrations are now generally thought to have occurred because of the April 5–15, 1815, Mount Tambora volcanic eruption on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. The climatic aberrations of 1816 had their greatest effect on most of New England, Atlantic Canada, and parts of western Europe. Post has called this 'the last great subsistence crisis in the Western world'. The Year Without a Summer was an agricultural disaster. This eruption was the largest in at least 1,300 years (after the hypothesized eruption causing the volcanic winter of 536) its effect in the climate may have been exacerbated by the 1814 eruption of Mayon in the Philippines. Įvidence suggests that the anomaly was predominantly a volcanic winter event caused by the massive 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in April in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). This resulted in major food shortages across the Northern Hemisphere. Summer temperatures in Europe were the coldest of any on record between the years of 17. The year 1816 is known as the Year Without a Summer because of severe climate abnormalities that caused average global temperatures to decrease by 0.4–0.7 ☌ (0.7–1 ☏). Lesser Sunda Islands, Dutch East Indies (now Republic of Indonesia)Ĭaused a volcanic winter that dropped temperatures by 0.4–0.7☌ (or 0.7–1☏) worldwide 1816 summer temperature anomaly compared with average temperatures from 1971 to 2000

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